汽(qi)车(che)门窗(chuang)玻(bo)璃(li)不但(dan)要保证(zheng)驾(jia)驶员有足够的(de)(de)视角，以(yi)安全驾(jia)驶和行车(che)；同时，为(wei)满足乘坐舒(shu)适的(de)(de)需要，玻(bo)璃(li)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)经(jing)常需要调整(zheng)，因而玻(bo)璃(li)调整(zheng)的(de)(de)范围与操(cao)纵的(de)(de)灵活方便(bian)就成(cheng)为(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)性(xing)能指标。保证(zheng)汽(qi)车(che)玻(bo)璃(li)灵活调整(zheng)的(de)(de)机构就是玻(bo)璃(li)升降器，它(ta)亦是汽(qi)车(che)安全和舒(shu)适性(xing)的(de)(de)一个(ge)重(zhong)要部件。

2.1汽车玻璃升降器结(jie)构及特点

我国(guo)于(yu)1981年(nian)推行了(le)JB2882-81《载重(zhong)汽(qi)车用(yong)(yong)(yong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)技(ji)术(shu)条件(jian)8标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，在此(ci)标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的基础(chu)上(shang)，根据(ju)我国(guo)汽(qi)车玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的制造使用(yong)(yong)(yong)及检测(ce)情(qing)况，并参照国(guo)际上(shang)有(you)关的先进(jin)技(ji)术(shu)指标(biao)(biao)及数据(ju)，修(xiu)改制定了(le)汽(qi)车行业标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)QC/T29026-91《汽(qi)车用(yong)(yong)(yong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)试(shi)(shi)验方(fang)法(fa)》和(he)QCT29027-91（汽(qi)车用(yong)(yong)(yong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)技(ji)术(shu)条件(jian)》，并于(yu)1991年(nian)颁(ban)布实施，该标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)对于(yu)汽(qi)车玻(bo)璃(li)(li)开(kai)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的基本技(ji)术(shu)性能及测(ce)试(shi)(shi)方(fang)法(fa)作了(le)明确(que)的规定。由于(yu)目前我国(guo)大量使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的主(zhu)要为臂式玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其它类(lei)型特别是柔式玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)尚(shang)缺乏(fa)有(you)关的技(ji)术(shu)资料和(he)技(ji)术(shu)数据(ju)，故(gu)上(shang)述标(biao)(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)仅(jin)适用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)臂式玻(bo)璃(li)(li)开(kai)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其它类(lei)型玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亦可參(can)照执行。

由于臂(bei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)制造工艺(yi)相对简单，成(cheng)本低，目(mu)(mu)前(qian)我国80%左右的(de)汽车玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)用臂(bei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)。而柔(rou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)从平稳性、运动(dong)阻(zu)力(li)来说大(da)大(da)优于前(qian)者结构更紧(jin)凑，且(qie)安(an)装和布置都较为方便，但目(mu)(mu)前(qian)我国关于柔(rou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)尚无正式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)国家标准。

软轴式玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)在世界各(ge)种中(zhong)高档车(che)(che)辆特(te)别是轿(jiao)车(che)(che)上已(yi)被大量(liang)采(cai)用，是一(yi)种比较先进的玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)。近年来(lai)国(guo)内的引(yin)进汽车(che)(che)产品(pin)，如重汽斯泰(tai)尔、北京(jing)切诺基和南(nan)京(jing)依维柯等(deng)均采(cai)用这种开(kai)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)，目前(qian)已(yi)在国(guo)内一(yi)些汽配厂(chang)如北京(jing)汽车(che)(che)玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)厂(chang)、南(nan)汽随车(che)(che)工(gong)具厂(chang)、四川汽车(che)(che)厂(chang)附(fu)件厂(chang)等(deng)完(wan)成了有关软(ruan)轴(zhou)式玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)的生产工(gong)艺的技术(shu)开(kai)发（引(yin)进），可提供国(guo)产化产品(pin)，随着其批量(liang)化生产水平的提高，亦可用于替代臂式玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)。

由于汽车结(jie)构布局设计、制(zhi)造成(cheng)本(ben)、制(zhi)造技术的(de)要(yao)求，手动(dong)推拉式(shi)(shi)的(de)车窗调整机(ji)构仍(reng)为许(xu)多车辆采用。目前臂式(shi)(shi)及手动(dong)（机(ji)械式(shi)(shi)）玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升降器为主要(yao)使(shi)用类(lei)型，柔式(shi)(shi)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升降器的(de)应(ying)用尚限于引进车型，而电动(dong)式(shi)(shi)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升降器应(ying)用较少。

电动玻璃(li)升降(jiang)器(qi)在(zai)国(guo)(guo)外中(zhong)高档车(che)(che)上应(ying)用已(yi)很普通，由于(yu)其(qi)结构(gou)复杂、成本高、且(qie)国(guo)(guo)内小型电机产品(pin)性能不稳定，故目前(qian)在(zai)我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)汽车(che)(che)产品(pin)中(zhong)应(ying)用尚少。可以预见，随着我(wo)(wo)国(guo)(guo)汽车(che)(che)设计、制造(zao)水(shui)平的提(ti)高，电动玻璃(li)升降(jiang)器(qi)将越(yue)来(lai)越(yue)多地应(ying)用于(yu)汽车(che)(che)产品(pin)。

目前我国(guo)汽车(che)玻璃升降(jiang)器产(chan)品的主要(yao)发(fa)展方(fang)向：

1.改进(jin)产品制(zhi)造质量，提高使用可靠性。

2.提高零(ling)件週用性。

3.减小零件(jian)质量(liang)，使结构更加(jia)紧凑。

4.提高软轴式(shi)玻璃升降(jiang)器(qi)生产水平。

2.1.1汽车(che)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)义和类型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)华人(ren)民(min)共和国(guo)汽车(che)行(xing)业标准QCT626-1999汽车(che)用(yong)(yong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)技术(shu)条(tiao)(tiao)件》中(zhong)(zhong)对于(yu)(yu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)是这(zhei)样(yang)定(ding)(ding)义的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：“玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)是指(zhi)按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驱(qu)动(dong)方式(shi)将汽车(che)车(che)窗(chuang)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)沿(yan)(yan)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)导(dao)槽升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)起(qi)或下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，并能停留(liu)在任意位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)装置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。新颁(ban)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汽车(che)行(xing)业标准QCT29027-91《汽车(che)用(yong)(yong)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)技术(shu)条(tiao)(tiao)件》中(zhong)(zhong)对于(yu)(yu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)是这(zhei)样(yang)定(ding)(ding)义的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：“玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)是指(zhi)按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驱(qu)动(dong)方式(shi)将汽车(che)车(che)窗(chuang)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)沿(yan)(yan)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)导(dao)槽升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)起(qi)或下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，并能停留(liu)在任意位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)装置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。考(kao)虑到一(yi)些(xie)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)装置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（如(ru)某些(xie)轿车(che)可调(diao)开度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三角窗(chuang)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)离、太阳顶窗(chuang)等），似乎应(ying)称其为玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)器(qi)才更(geng)为确切(qie)。在国(guo)外汽车(che)行(xing)业的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有关技术(shu)资料中(zhong)(zhong)，玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)词为Window Regulator其意即(ji)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)器(qi)，或许(xu)由于(yu)(yu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)多为上下(xia)(xia)运(yun)动(dong)，故通常称之为玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)。各种玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)均(jun)需通过某种形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驱(qu)动(dong)机构(gou)以(yi)(yi)实现对玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)运(yun)动(dong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)调(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)，对于(yu)(yu)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)为上下(xia)(xia)运(yun)动(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)而言，当玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)时(shi)，通过该机构(gou)将玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)提升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；而玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)时(shi)，则可依靠玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重力(li)(li)作为动(dong)力(li)(li)，此时(shi)驱(qu)动(dong)机构(gou)主要(yao)(yao)起(qi)限位(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)减(jian)缓作用(yong)(yong)，但由于(yu)(yu)实际上玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)运(yun)动(dong)过程中(zhong)(zhong)需克服与密(mi)封(feng)件（导(dao)槽、封(feng)口胶条(tiao)(tiao)等）间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦、及(ji)传动(dong)机构(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻力(li)(li)等，因此玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)也起(qi)一(yi)部(bu)分驱(qu)动(dong)作用(yong)(yong)，以(yi)(yi)保证车(che)窗(chuang)玻(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稳(wen)定(ding)(ding)移动(dong)。

汽车玻(bo)璃(li)升降(jiang)器通(tong)常可(ke)有(you)如下分类：

根据机械升降机构的工作原理不同，电动(dong)玻璃升降器分为3种形式：

绳轮式(shi)(shi)(shi)、叉臂(bei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、软轴(zhou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。一般而论，绳轮式(shi)(shi)(shi)电动玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)器可用(yong)于各种圆(yuan)弧(hu)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)的(de)车(che)型中(zhong)(zhong)，但(dan)由于安(an)装(zhuang)空间要求较大，目(mu)前(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)于玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)圆(yuan)弧(hu)较小的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)高档轿(jiao)车(che)和高档面(mian)包车(che)中(zhong)(zhong)又臂(bei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)电动玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)器主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)于玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)圆(yuan)弧(hu)较大的(de)载货汽车(che)、面(mian)包车(che)及中(zhong)(zhong)低档轿(jiao)车(che)中(zhong)(zhong)教轴(zhou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)电动玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)器可用(yong)于各种玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)圆(yuan)弧(hu)的(de)车(che)型中(zhong)(zhong)，但(dan)运行(xing)噪声较大，目(mu)前(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)于玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)圆(yuan)孤适中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)面(mian)包车(che)及中(zhong)(zhong)低档轿(jiao)车(che)中(zhong)(zhong)。从技(ji)术(shu)成熟程度、工艺成热程度、运行(xing)噪声、可靠性、通用(yong)性和经济性来分析(xi)这几种结构，一般广为接受的(de)结论如表(biao)2.1所示(shi)。

表2.1几种结(jie)构的玻璃(li)升降(jiang)器的综(zong)合比较

2.1.2常(chang)用的玻璃升降(jiang)器(qi)的结构形(xing)式特点

2.1.2.1臂式玻璃升降器

臂(bei)式(shi)玻璃升(sheng)降器(qi)的(de)传(chuan)动机(ji)构为(wei)(wei)齿轮(lun)(lun)齿板喷合传(chuan)动，除齿轮(lun)(lun)外(wai)其主(zhu)要构件均为(wei)(wei)板式(shi)结构，加工方便，成本低，在目前国内(nei)车辆上使用较为(wei)(wei)普遍。

但(dan)由(you)于其采用悬臂(bei)式支撑(cheng)结构及齿轮(lun)齿板机构，故工作阻力(li)较大。

2.1.2.1.1单臂式玻(bo)璃升降器(qi)

单臂式玻(bo)(bo)璃升降器（见图2-1）的结(jie)构(gou)特(te)点是(shi)只有一个升降肾(shen)，结(jie)构(gou)最(zui)简单，但由于升降臂支承点与(yu)玻(bo)(bo)璃质(zhi)心(xin)之间的相对位置经常变化，玻(bo)(bo)璃开降时(shi)会产生倾斜、卡滞，该结(jie)构(gou)只适(shi)用于玻(bo)(bo)璃两侧(ce)为平(ping)行直(zhi)边的情况，使用不(bu)很普適。

我国的BJ1040，N130，CA1090等车(che)型，日本(ben)丰(feng)田及五十铃系列(lie)轻型货车(che)前车(che)门等采用单臂式(shi)玻璃(li)升(sheng)降器(qi)。

2.1.2.1.2双臂式玻璃升降(jiang)器

该(gai)玻璃(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的结构特点是具有两个升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)臂(bei)，依(yi)两臂(bei)的布置方式(shi)又分为平行(xing)臂(bei)式(shi)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（见图(tu)2-2）和交叉(cha)臂(bei)式(shi)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（见图(tu)2-3），与单臂(bei)式(shi)玻璃(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相比，双臂(bei)式(shi)玻璃(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本身(shen)可保证玻璃(li)平行(xing)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，提升(sheng)(sheng)力也比较(jiao)(jiao)大。其中(zhong)交叉(cha)臂(bei)式(shi)玻璃(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)支(zhi)承宽度较(jiao)(jiao)大，故运动比较(jiao)(jiao)平稳，被普遍采用，而平行(xing)臂(bei)式(shi)玻璃(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)结构相对比较(jiao)(jiao)简单、紧凑，但由(you)于支(zhi)承宽度较(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，工(gong)作载(zai)荷(he)变化(hua)较(jiao)(jiao)大，因而运动平稳性不(bu)如前者。

等；采用交叉臂式玻(bo)璃升降器的(de)车(che)(che)型(xing)(xing)比(bi)较多，有(you)LZW1010，SC1010。BJ10410，N1061，sxz1035W，EQ1141G、金杯轻(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)客车(che)(che)，日本(ben)丰田、五十(shi)铃轻(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)货车(che)(che)，三菱轻(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)客车(che)(che)等。

2.1.2.2柔式玻璃升降器(qi)

柔(rou)式玻璃升(sheng)降器(qi)的(de)(de)传(chuan)动(dong)机构(gou)为齿轮软轴(zhou)啮合(he)传(chuan)动(dong)，具有“柔(rou)式”的(de)(de)特点，故其设(she)置、安装都比(bi)较(jiao)灵活方便，结(jie)构(gou)设(she)计也比(bi)较(jiao)简捷(jie)且自身结(jie)构(gou)紧凑，总体质量轻。由于提升(sheng)轴(zhou)提升(sheng)力作用线(xian)的(de)(de)相对位置是(shi)固定的(de)(de)，可保(bao)证与玻璃质心的(de)(de)运(yun)动(dong)轨(gui)迹始(shi)终重合(he)（或平行(xing)）放能很好的(de)(de)保(bao)证玻璃平稳移(yi)动(dong)。

2.1.2.1绳(sheng)轮式玻璃升降器(qi)

图2-4为用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)桑塔纳轿(jiao)(jiao)车的绳(sheng)(sheng)轮(lun)式玻璃升(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)的结构简(jian)图。该升(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)以为运动(dong)软轴，靠两(liang)个滑轮(lun)定位，通过(guo)小(xiao)齿(chi)(chi)轮(lun)与扇形齿(chi)(chi)轮(lun)的嗜合，聚动(dong)固联于(yu)(yu)扇形齿(chi)(chi)轮(lun)的带(dai)轮(lun)，从而(er)带(dai)动(dong)钢丝绳(sheng)(sheng)，钢丝绳(sheng)(sheng)的松(song)紧度可利用(yong)(yong)张紧轮(lun)进行调节。该升(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)零件少(shao)，自身质(zhi)量(liang)轻，便(bian)于(yu)(yu)加工(gong)，所(suo)占(zhan)空(kong)间小(xiao)，常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)小(xiao)型(xing)轿(jiao)(jiao)车。

图(tu)2-5是(shi)带式玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)的(de)结构简(jian)图(tu)。该升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)运(yun)动(dong)(dong)软轴果用塑(su)料穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)带，其(qi)它零(ling)件亦(yi)多采用塑(su)斜制品，从而大大减轻了升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)总成(cheng)的(de)自身质量。其(qi)传动(dong)(dong)机构中均涂以洞滑脂，使用过程中无须维护(hu)保养，运(yun)动(dong)(dong)平稳。摇把手柄的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)可(ke)自由(you)布置(zhi)，设计、安装和(he)调(diao)整都很(hen)方便，其(qi)耐久性试验可(ke)达25000次。该升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)通(tong)过小齿轮与穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)带啮合实(shi)现玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降器(qi)的(de)运(yun)动(dong)(dong)。

2.1.2.2.3软轴式玻璃升降器

图2-6为(wei)大发车前门软轴式玻(bo)璃升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器结构图。该玻(bo)璃升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器软轴主体是(shi)由钢(gang)丝(si)(si)绕(rao)成的(de)弹(dan)簧(huang)，弹(dan)簧(huang)内(nei)圆穿有多股钢(gang)丝(si)(si)绳，在钢(gang)丝(si)(si)绳上缠绕(rao)高(gao)出表(biao)面(mian)2mm的(de)羊毛，并涂以(yi)润滑脂(zhi)，以(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)低齿轮(lun)与弹(dan)簧(huang)啮合时的(de)摩擦力(li)。

在弹(dan)簧(huang)外圈上套有导向管，以(yi)保证弹(dan)簧(huang)式(shi)软轴的运(yun)动(dong)(dong)轨(gui)迹和运(yun)动(dong)(dong)顺畅(chang)。该升(sheng)降器(qi)的特点(dian)是工作可靠(kao)性好，运(yun)动(dong)(dong)平稳(wen)，工作噪音小，使用寿命长，但制作技术(shu)比其它柔式(shi)升(sheng)降器(qi)要求高，需(xu)要专门的工艺设备。

2.2电动玻璃升降器(qi)

电(dian)动玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升降(jiang)(jiang)器的操纵机构(gou)是(shi)以直流(liu)电(dian)机代替手动摇把。配装电(dian)动玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升降(jiang)(jiang)器的车(che)(che)(che)辆，车(che)(che)(che)门玻(bo)璃(li)(li)的升降(jiang)(jiang)或调(diao)整(zheng)可由(you)驾(jia)(jia)驶员方便地(di)操纵按键控制，可同(tong)时调(diao)整(zheng)，也可分组调(diao)整(zheng)或单独调(diao)整(zheng)，操作(zuo)(zuo)非常方便准确，大大提高(gao)了操纵的可靠(kao)性(xing)和驾(jia)(jia)驶员工作(zuo)(zuo)的舒适(shi)性(xing)，而(er)且有(you)利于操作(zuo)(zuo)自动化(hua)（例如有(you)些高(gao)级(ji)轿车(che)(che)(che)变速(su)杆换至(zhi)“P”驻车(che)(che)(che)位置(zhi)时，全部(bu)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)会自动关严）。

电动(dong)玻璃(li)升降器(qi)主要由普通机械式(shi)玻璃(li)升降器(qi)的(de)(de)传动(dong)及提(ti)升支承部分、可(ke)逆式(shi)直流电机和减(jian)速器(qi)、控(kong)制开关等组(zu)成。图(tu)2-7为日本(ben)PAJERO越野车(che)的(de)(de)前(qian)车(che)门玻璃(li)升降器(qi)，可(ke)选(xuan)装手动(dong)式(shi)或电动(dong)式(shi)玻璃(li)升降器(qi)。

图2-8为(wei)轿车侧三(san)角风窗(chuang)电动调(diao)整(zheng)器(qi)，一般三(san)角窗(chuang)的调(diao)整(zheng)变化量比较小，故减速(su)器(qi)的减速(su)比较大，以保证三(san)角窗(chuang)适宜(yi)的调(diao)整(zheng)转动速(su)度，便于调(diao)整(zheng)控制。

图(tu)2-9为后门窗(chuang)电动(dong)寂璃升降器(qi)的结构简(jian)图(tu)，它常用(yong)于(yu)商用(yong)汽车，其中的保险(xian)开(kai)关(guan)用(yong)于(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)玻璃升降的极限位置。

由于(yu)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器开(kai)闭(bi)控制力的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小在不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)环境、不同(tong)使用部位差别很(hen)大(da)A，因此要(yao)求电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)适应(ying)某(mou)些特殊工(gong)(gong)况，例如窗玻(bo)璃(li)(li)上附(fu)着雨雪(xue)，有灰尘或异物卡滞(zhi)时(shi)，玻(bo)璃(li)(li)运动(dong)到极(ji)限(xian)位置时(shi)，都将产生较(jiao)大(da)过(guo)载电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。因而，用于(yu)汽车电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)要(yao)求具有耐过(guo)载的(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)，必须设置过(guo)载保(bao)护电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。当因某(mou)种原因发生玻(bo)璃(li)(li)卡滞(zhi)或不能(neng)移(yi)动(dong)时(shi)可(ke)自动(dong)切(qie)断(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，避免(mian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)烧损。图(tu)2-10为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)特性(xing)曲(qu)(qu)线。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)启动(dong)瞬间(jian)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)迅速开(kai)高（一般为额定工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)2-2。5倍），随后系统进(jin)入工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)状态，这时(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)（约5A）大(da)大(da)低(di)于(yu)启动(dong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，故曲(qu)(qu)线开(kai)始(shi)阶段是陡(dou)然下降(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)。由于(yu)正(zheng)常工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)负荷较(jiao)低(di)，且比较(jiao)平稳，所以工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)过(guo)程曲(qu)(qu)线近似为一水(shui)平直线，当达(da)到玻(bo)璃(li)(li)运动(dong)极(ji)限(xian)位置时(shi)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)处于(yu)拘束状态（传动(dong)机(ji)(ji)(ji)构受阻），电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)再(zai)次迅递升(sheng)至蜂值，此时(shi)需及时(shi)切(qie)断(duan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，使电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)机(ji)(ji)(ji)停止工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。

电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降器一般采用可逆(ni)式直流(liu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)机，工(gong)作电(dian)(dian)(dian)压12 v，工(gong)作电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)5A，约(yue)束(shu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降器主要由电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)机、机械升(sheng)(sheng)降机构(gou)和(he)控制(zhi)系统三大部(bu)分组成。3种结(jie)构(gou)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)玻璃升(sheng)(sheng)降器的(de)结(jie)构(gou)比较如下。

2.2.1、交叉臂式电动玻璃升降器

结(jie)构特点(dian)：电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)机驱动(dong)(dong)小齿轮带动(dong)(dong)齿扇转动(dong)(dong)，通(tong)过(guo)交叉(cha)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)的杠(gang)杆带动(dong)(dong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)托架上下(xia)运动(dong)(dong)，完成玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)在导轨中的上下(xia)移动(dong)(dong)，交叉(cha)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)式电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)驳璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器由电(dian)(dian)机、减速器和(he)交叉(cha)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)三部件构成（见图2-11）交叉(cha)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)部件与(yu)手(shou)动(dong)(dong)交叉(cha)臂(bei)(bei)(bei)式玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器相同，均为1-3mm厚度(du)的钢板(ban)冲(chong)压件。这种升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器的优点(dian)是强度(du)高，加工方便(bian)，玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)运动(dong)(dong)时(shi)平稳性好。缺点(dian)是较其它(ta)型的电(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)器重(zhong)量大。

应(ying)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)围在各种四(si)轮汽车上(shang)均得(de)到(dao)广泛(fan)地(di)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)，但(dan)是在豪华型(xing)和高速(su)型(xing)轿车上(shang)很少使用(yong)(yong)。

2.2.2、绳轮式(shi)电动(dong)玻璃升降器

结构特点：绳(sheng)轮式(shi)电(dian)(dian)动玻璃(li)升(sheng)降墨(mo)是由(you)电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)、减速(su)器(qi)、钢(gang)(gang)丝绳(sheng)、导向(xiang)板和玻璃(li)安装托架(jia)等零(ling)部(bu)件组成(cheng)（见图(tu)2-12），钢(gang)(gang)丝绳(sheng)部(bu)件与(yu)手(shou)动钢(gang)(gang)丝绳(sheng)式(shi)玻璃(li)升(sheng)降器(qi)相同。安装时门窗(chuang)玻璃(li)固定在玻璃(li)安装托架(jia)上，玻璃(li)导向(xiang)槽与(yu)钢(gang)(gang)丝绳(sheng)导向(xiang)板平行，开(kai)启电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)，由(you)电(dian)(dian)动机(ji)带动减速(su)器(qi)输出动力，拉(la)动钢(gang)(gang)丝绳(sheng)移动玻璃(li)安装托架(jia)，迫使(shi)门窗(chuang)玻璃(li)作(zuo)上升(sheng)或(huo)下降的直线运(yun)动。

这种(zhong)升降器的(de)优点是：零件少(shao)，重量轻，结构简单，安装位置(zhi)可调整，缺点是：安装时(shi)(shi)必(bi)须调整销丝绳导向板的(de)位置(zhi)，使其与(yu)窗上的(de)玻璃导向槽平行(xing)。否则(ze)，玻璃运动(dong)时(shi)(shi)，易产生玻璃与(yu)导向槽卡住现(xian)象。

应用(yong)范围：主要用(yong)于轿车(che)，其(qi)它汽(qi)车(che)很少使(shi)用(yong)。

2.2.3、软轴式电动玻璃升降器(qi)

结(jie)构(gou)(gou)特点(dian)：电(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)机(ji)(ji)驱动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)小齿轮旋转(zhuan)，并带动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)在轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)内滑动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，从而使玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)托(tuo)架在导轨上下运动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，完成玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升降(jiang)之目的，软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)式电(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升降(jiang)器由电(dian)机(ji)(ji)、减速器和软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)组(zu)成（见图2-13），软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)与手动(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)式玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升降(jiang)器相(xiang)同。这种(zhong)升降(jiang)器的优点(dian)：是(shi)零件(jian)少，结(jie)构(gou)(gou)简单，工(gong)作(zuo)平(ping)稳，无噪音(yin)，安装(zhuang)位置(zhi)可调整。缺点(dian)是(shi)：软(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)轴(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)系由多(duo)股钢丝(si)绳外套(tao)螺旋弹赞组(zu)成，在多(duo)股钢丝(si)绳上夹有的绒毛，制造工(gong)艺较复杂。

应(ying)用范围：各种汽车均可采用。

综上(shang)所述3种(zhong)电(dian)动玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)的(de)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)情况，可(ke)知：电(dian)动玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)主要由电(dian)动机(ji)、机(ji)械升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)机(ji)构(gou)(gou)(gou)和(he)控制系统三大部分(fen)组成。电(dian)动玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)升(sheng)(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)器(qi)结构(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)关(guan)键(jian)是电(dian)动机(ji)和(he)减速器(qi)，这两者是组装(zhuang)成一体(ti)的(de)，其中电(dian)动机(ji)采(cai)用可(ke)逆(ni)性(xing)永磁直流电(dian)动机(ji)，电(dian)动机(ji)内有两组绕向(xiang)不(bu)同的(de)磁场(chang)线圈，通过开关(guan)的(de)控制可(ke)做正转(zhuan)和(he)反转(zhuan)，也就是说可(ke)以控制门窗玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)的(de)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)或下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。

电动(dong)(dong)玻璃(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)构成，它等于同型手动(dong)(dong)玻璃(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)加上电机和减速器(qi)(qi)(qi)三部分的(de)(de)总成，故安装手动(dong)(dong)玻璃(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)汽车，配装相应的(de)(de)电机和减速器(qi)(qi)(qi)后，即可改(gai)造(zao)为电动(dong)(dong)玻璃(li)升(sheng)降(jiang)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，国外汽车维修站早已(yi)开展此项(xiang)业务。